On October 27, 2025, the Colombian government enacted a pivotal piece of legislation that reshapes the nation’s approach to medical cannabis. Decree 1138 introduces a comprehensive framework to regulate the safe and informed use of the cannabis flower as a finished medical product, a significant departure from previous restrictions. This move is not merely a legal adjustment; it represents a strategic effort to align with current scientific evidence, strengthen the national industry, and provide patients with new, quality-controlled therapeutic options.
A New Chapter for Medical Cannabis Treatment
Until now, the legal framework in Colombia did not permit the use of the dried cannabis flower as a consumable, finished product for patients. The regulations focused primarily on processed derivatives like oils and extracts. Decree 1138 directly addresses this gap by amending the official definition of a “finished product” to explicitly include cannabis flower intended for medical consumption by humans or animals.
This development is crucial for patients who, based on medical advice, may benefit from the therapeutic properties of the whole flower. The decree specifies that cannabis as a finished product can only be commercialized for medical purposes, maintaining a clear distinction from recreational use. To ensure quality and safety, the Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA) is now empowered to issue a certificate for the sale and dispensation of medical flower, streamlining the authorization process without requiring additional commercial permits. This creates a clear, legal pathway for patients to access a treatment option that is increasingly recognized worldwide.
Prioritizing Small and Medium Producers
A cornerstone of this new regulation is its focus on fostering an inclusive and equitable national industry. The decree introduces a two-year transitional period designed to empower local enterprise. During these first two years, the cultivation of cannabis flower for the domestic medical market will be exclusively reserved for small and medium cultivators, as well as micro and small national companies.
This provision is a deliberate measure to prevent market monopolization and ensure that the economic benefits of this burgeoning industry are distributed more widely. To support this goal, the Ministry of Justice and Law has been tasked with creating a “simplified process” within five months for these smaller producers to obtain the necessary cultivation licenses. Furthermore, the Ministries of Health and Commerce will develop regulations to support and promote the commercialization efforts of these businesses. This strategic approach aims to build a robust and diverse domestic supply chain, rooted in local communities.
What This Means for Patients in Colombia
For both residents and visitors undergoing medical treatment, these changes have profound implications. The decree provides a regulated and reliable system for accessing medical cannabis flower through proper channels. A key area of focus is on preparaciones magistrales, or compounded medications tailored to individual patient needs. The new law mandates that the raw cannabis used in these preparations must be sourced from licensed growers within Colombia.
This measure effectively prohibits the use of imported cannabis derivatives for compounded formulas, with a narrow exception for homeopathic magistral medicines. This ensures full traceability and adherence to national quality standards from seed to sale. For those asking, is weed legal in Colombia for therapeutic use, this decree solidifies a clear “yes” under specific medical regulations that now include the flower itself as a valid treatment form. To uphold these standards, the national food and drug surveillance institute, INVIMA, will publish a guide on good manufacturing practices for pharmacies that prepare these customized cannabis medications.
Streamlining Licenses and Fostering Research
Beyond legalizing the medical flower, Decree 1138 introduces other important adjustments to the regulatory system. Cultivation licenses, which were previously designated for purposes like “export,” will now be reclassified as “national use and export.” This seemingly minor change reflects a major policy shift, formally recognizing the importance of the domestic market alongside international trade.
The decree also acknowledges the critical role of scientific inquiry in advancing patient care. In line with the new National Drug Policy’s goal of exploring the licit uses of controlled substances, licenses for non-commercial research can now be granted for up to 24 months, with the possibility of extension. This encourages deeper investigation into the plant’s therapeutic potential, ensuring that Colombia’s regulatory framework continues to evolve based on sound scientific evidence. Ultimately, Decree 1138 marks a sophisticated and forward-thinking step, positioning Colombia as a leader in patient-centric and nationally integrated medical cannabis policy.
I am Dr. Rocio Vargas, a physician specializing in medical cannabis. My commitment is to provide every patient with professional, confidential, and personalized care to ensure their health and well-being. I will be happy to guide you and create a treatment plan that allows you to enjoy your time here with confidence.
